掌握科工行動版

小學生：哇！這個板子的形狀是一隻豬耶！胖胖的好可愛～

阿農：你知道嗎？很久很久以前，可沒有這種圓滾滾的豬。我們現在熟悉的豬，是被人「養」出來的。可以轉看看下面「家豬」的板子！

小學生：哇！原來家豬的以前又黑又兇猛，感覺肉應該……很硬…欸！養豬是從中東那邊開始的嗎？

阿農：沒錯！原本人類靠打獵才能吃到肉，後來開始嘗試圈養野生的豬。慢慢的，豬變得溫馴，也更容易照顧。這個過程，就叫做「馴化」。

小學生：馴化之後，就變成現在這樣圓滾滾的嗎？

阿農：這可是經過漫漫長路啊！當動物能被穩定飼養，人類就開始挑選長得快、肉又多的個體進行繁殖。經過一代一代累積，讓這些特徵越來越明顯。這一步，就叫「選拔育種」。

小學生：原來如此～我們餐桌上穩定又多樣的食物，都是這樣從野生到馴化，再經過不斷選拔育種，一代一代慢慢形成的！

阿農：你真是能融會貫通！來，再轉轉看栽培稻、玉米、金魚，在馴化與選拔之前，是什麼樣子呢~

Schoolchild: Woah! This board looks like a pig! So chubby and cute!

A-Lông: Did you know? A long, long time ago, rotund pigs like this didn't exist. The pigs we're familiar with today were "bred" by humans. Take a look! Turn the domesticated pig cylinder below.

Schoolchild: Woah! So pigs used to look black and fierce. I bet the meat must've been... tough... Hey! Pig farming started in the Middle East?

A-Lông: That's right! Originally, humans could only eat meat if they hunted, but later they began to try rearing wild pigs in enclosures. Slowly, pigs became docile, making it easier to take care of them. This process is called "domestication."

Schoolchild: Did they become round like this after domestication?

A-Lông: That took a long time! Once animals could be fed steadily, humans began to choose individuals that grew up fast and had a lot of meat on them to breed. With each generation, these characteristics became more prominent. This step is called "selective breeding."

Schoolchild: I see! So all the loads of different foods on the table are the result of generations of domesticating wild animals and selectively breeding them!

A-Lông: You really know how to put one and one together! Come, now try turning grain, corn, and goldfish to see what they looked like before domestication and selective breeding!

自然界には日光、水、空気や他の生物組織の養分など、私たち人類の生存に欠かせない要素があり、これらが私たちに民族存続と文明発展のエネルギーを与えてくれます。昔の狩猟や採集方法は非常に体力を消耗するため、人々は世界各地で野生生物種の栽培化・家畜化または他の地域から持ち込みを行い、人類が作った環境に適応させていきました。

小學生：哇！這朵花長得好像蝴蝶在飛喔！

阿農：這就是讓臺灣聞名世界的植物之一：「蝴蝶蘭」。在大自然中，它不一定是長在土裡，而是常附在樹幹或岩石上生長，屬於「附生植物」。

小學生：我家也有一盆！但我親戚說它小時候住在玻璃瓶裡，為什麼啊？

阿農：這就是臺灣農業的厲害之處了！因為蝴蝶蘭的種子非常小，沒什麼養分，自己長大不太容易。為了更穩定、更大量的培養蝴蝶蘭，農夫發明了「無菌瓶苗」技術，讓種子在充滿營養的瓶子裡發芽、並且安全長大。

小學生：哇～好聰明！不過農夫是怎麼確保品質穩定呀？每株植物不是都長的不太一樣嗎？但我很仔細觀察過親戚家跟我家的蝴蝶蘭，它們長得幾乎一模一樣耶！很像……雙胞胎

阿農：你真的很愛植物耶！蝴蝶蘭有兩種繁殖方式：一種是用種子種出來，就像個別的小孩，每株外觀都不太一樣，經常用來培育新品種；另一種是「組織培養」，概念就像「複製」，取下一小塊生長組織，就能變出很多外表幾乎一模一樣的蝴蝶蘭。

小學生：啊？只用一小塊組織，就長出一整株完整的植物？好像用一塊我的皮膚，就能複製出另一個我？！這麼神奇？！

阿農：這是植物獨有的特性，在合適的條件下，小小一部分組織也有機會再長成完整的植物。臺灣農民掌握了這項技術，讓蝴蝶蘭能穩定量產，這才使臺灣成為全球最重要的蘭花生產與外銷王國喔！

Schoolchild: Woah! This flower looks just like a fluttering butterfly!

A-Lông: This is one of the plants that made Taiwan famous: "butterfly orchid." In nature, it doesn't necessarily grow on the ground; instead, it often grows on tree trunks or rocks. This kind of plant is called an "epiphyte."

Schoolchild: We have them at home as well! But a relative said that they live in glass bottles when they're little. Why?

A-Lông: That's one of the things that makes Taiwanese agriculture so incredible! Because butterfly orchid seeds are tiny and don't have many nutrients, it's hard for them to grow by themselves. To more steadily cultivate large amounts of butterfly orchids, farmers invented "in vitro propagation" technology. This technology allows the seeds to germinate inside bottles full of nutrients and grow up safely.

Schoolchild: Woah! That's so smart! But how do farmers make sure the quality is stable? Doesn't every plant look different after growing up? But when I carefully look at the butterfly orchids at our house and those at a relative's house, they look almost exactly the same! Just like... twins?

A-Lông: You really do love plants! Butterfly orchids can reproduce in two ways: one is by planting seeds, where each one looks a bit different, just like different children; this is usually done to cultivate new varieties. The other way is through tissue culture, which is like "cloning"; by taking a bit of growth tissue, you can grow a lot of butterfly orchids that are almost completely identical.
Schoolchild: Oh? You can grow a whole plant with just a little bit of growth tissue? Like, you can use a little bit of my skin to clone a whole other me?! That's amazing!

A-Lông: This is a unique characteristic of plants. Under suitable conditions, a tiny bit of tissue can grow into an entire plant. Taiwanese farmers grasped this technology to stably mass produce butterfly orchids, which has allowed Taiwan to become the world's most important producer and exporter of orchids!

コチョウランの大量生産は組織培養技術を運用したもので、特に個体の小花梗、根、茎、葉などの成長組織を培養体とし、さらに誘導、切断と分裂による繁殖培養を行って、同じ特性を持つ株を大量に複製しています。

阿農：你有沒有想過，吃完鳳梨留下的鳳梨葉，或魚片工廠剩下的魚皮、魚骨，還能做什麼？

小學生：魚皮和魚骨我看過媽媽拿去熬湯，但鳳梨葉……還真想不到。

阿農：嗯～你看左邊展櫃裡的紙袋。

小學生：咦？看起來怎麼粗粗的，一條一條的纖維好明顯，跟我們常看到的紙袋不一樣！

阿農：這是「鳳纖紙」，是用鳳梨葉纖維混入紙漿做成的手工紙。

小學生：用葉子做成紙！好酷喔！那旁邊這張是什麼？裡面還有黑色點點？

阿農：那是「種子紙」，用再生紙混合種子製成，種進土裡會發芽，紙也會自然分解～除了紙以外，像稻殼可以做成餐具；臺灣鯛魚皮也能做成皮夾。還有藺草，透過編織也能做成燈具等生活用品喔！

小學生：哇！這些看起來用不到的東西，竟然可以變成這麼實用的物品！

阿農：沒錯，這些還能夠被使用的材料稱作「農業副資材」。過去常被當飼料、肥料或焚燒，現在透過加工與設計，可以被重新利用。當資源被循環利用、減少浪費，就形成循環農業。

A-Lông: Have you ever wondered what the leaves left after finishing a pineapple or the leftover fish skin and bones in a fish factory could be used for?

Schoolchild: I've seen Mother use fish skin and bones to make soup, but pineapple leaves... I've no idea.

A-Lông: I see. Take a look at the paper bag in the display case on the left.

Schoolchild: Huh? It looks so coarse with all those clear fibers. It's different from the paper bags you usually see!

A-Lông: This is "pineapple fiber paper." It's handmade paper made by mixing pineapple leaf fiber with pulp.

Schoolchild: Using leaves to make paper! That's so cool! What about the sheet next to it? It's got black dots all over it?

A-Lông: That's "seed paper." It's made by mixing recycled paper with seeds. If you plant it in soil, it will germinate, and the paper will decompose! Aside from paper, you can also use rice husks to make tableware, and you can use tilapia skin to make wallets. And then there's rush grass; by weaving it, you can turn it into lamps and other daily items!

Schoolchild: Woah! I didn't think you could use those useless-looking things to make such useful items!

A-Lông: That's right. These materials that can still be used are called "secondary agricultural materials." In the past, they were often used as feed or fertilizer, or they were burned. Now, through processing and design, they can be reused. When materials are recycled and waste is reduced, circular agriculture takes shape.

天気に左右される農業は原材料の生産や加工をするだけでなく、無用の廃棄物に科学技術の研究開発によって付加価値を付けることも行われています。

·ティラピア副産品：魚は加工の際に骨、皮、ウロコなどが取り除かれて廃棄物となります。雲林県口湖漁産合作社はティラピアの各部位の様々な用途を開発し、加工利用率と産業競争力を向上させています。例えば、目からはヒアルロン酸が、ウロコからは人工角膜ができます。
·ビンロウ葉のサンダル：ビンロウは容易に栽培できるうえ果実は嗜好品として利用され、真っ直ぐなビンロウの木々は台湾の田舎でよく見られる風景となっています。しかし、ビンロウを食べると発がんの可能性があることが、この産業があまり普及していない原因の一つとなっています。Betel lifeの創始者・盧建良さんは、お年寄りが吸汗・消臭のためにビンロウの葉を靴に入れているのをヒントに、ビンロウの葉のサンダルを開発。ビンロウ産業に別の商業用途を生み出しました。
·もみ殻の食器：もみ殻は加工の際、米、もみ殻（粗糠）、米糠などの産物として米と米糠は多くの食用品が開発されていますが、粗糠は燃料や畜産敷料など商品利用価値が低い状態です。発明者はもみ殻（粗糠）を使った軽くて便利な食器を開発し、粗糠に新たな市場価値を与えています。
·シードペーパー：種子は適度な水分と環境要素があってはじめて発芽します。種子のこの特性と造紙原料を組み合わせたことで、リサイクル紙の商品価値を高めたほか、様々な植栽も開発されました。
·パイン繊維紙：植物の繊維は紙の主な原料です。台湾の温暖多湿な気候は麻、竹、木材、ゲットウ、パイナップルなど、多くの繊維植物の成長に適しています。

2015年、高雄市農業局は高雄市大樹区のパイナップル農家に農業指導を行い、廃棄されるパイナップルの葉を加工して手作りの紙の製品化に挑戦するなど、農村に新たな展望が開かれました。

小學生：咦…這裡的架子上怎麼這麼多蔬菜？他們沒有土壤，也曬不到太陽…這樣…真的能長大嗎？

阿農：哈哈，可以喔！這裡叫「植物工坊」，是給植物住的「智慧房間」。光照、溫度、濕度、水分，還有營養液，都能依照需求自動調整。你仔細看一下，每一層架子下面，是不是都有一條U形水管？那就是用來傳送水和營養液的。

小學生：原來如此，那為什麼有的地方是紅光，有的是紅藍光？

阿農：因為在不同的生長階段，植物需要不同的光源。剛發芽時，紅光可以促進芽苗成長；育苗時，紅藍光能幫助根和葉的發展；當植物開始穩定成長，會用接近自然光的光源，讓植物健康長大。

小學生：哇—就像我從小到大，會換大床跟桌椅一樣，依據需要改變環境耶！

阿農：沒錯！植物工坊透過環境的監測與控制，讓一些適合的作物可以在室內穩定生產，減少對天氣的依賴。像萵苣這種需要很多水栽種的葉菜類作物，也能夠透過循環水系統減少用水，同時達到穩定的品質哦～

小學生：不過我好好奇…這些蔬菜，可以買來吃嗎？我好想嚐嚐看！

阿農：哈哈，可以喔！館內不定期會販售，記得去服務台問問～

Schoolchild: Huh... Why are there so many vegetables on these shelves? They don't have soil or sunlight... Can they... really grow like this?

A-Lông: Haha, they can! This is called a "plant house." It's an "intelligent home" for plants to live in. Light, temperature, humidity, water, and nutrient solution can all be adjusted as needed. Take a closer look; underneath every shelf there's a U-shaped waterpipe, see? That's used to deliver water and nutrient solution.

Schoolchild: Oh, I see. So why do some places have red light and others red and blue light?

A-Lông: That's because when plants are in different growth stages, they need different light sources. During germination, red light can help germinating plants grow; in the seedling stage, red and blue light can help the roots and leaves develop; and when the plant begins to steadily grow, a light source similar to natural light is used to let the plant grow up healthy.

Schoolchild: Woah! Just like when I was growing up, I would get a bigger bed, desk, and chair—changing the environment according to demands!

A-Lông: That's right! By monitoring and controlling the environment of the plant house, suitable crops can be stably produced indoors. This reduces reliance on the weather. For example, for vegetable crops like lettuce that need a lot of water, water usage can be reduced through a water circulation system while also achieving stable quality!

Schoolchild: But I'm curious... Can you buy and eat these vegetables? I want to taste them!

A-Lông: Haha, you can! The NSTM sells them from time to time. Remember to ask at the counter!

現在、農業科学により農業被害率は下がっています。環境コントロール技術で、地球村の国境のない農業の考えが実践されるなか、植物工房が誕生しました。

植物工房の特色：
1.環境コントロールは農業の一種で、温湿度、二酸化炭素濃度、栄養液といった施設内の環境を精密に管理しています。
2.室内の全植物はその生産量と価格が、気候に影響されることはありません。
3.生産が一年中人工的に管理されるため、生産量が安定しています。
4.自然条件の制限を受けない、またはほとんど受けません。
5.農薬の残留も、重金属もありません。
6.地元生産の理念を実行できます。

阿農：你知道我們常吃的高麗菜、花椰菜還有芥藍菜，其實通通都來自同一個祖先——野生甘藍嗎？

小學生：真的假的？！它們長得完全不一樣耶？！

阿農：來，看一下展板這株開著小黃花的植物。它的葉子、莖，還有花是不是不一樣大？

小學生：有的葉子比較大，莖的粗細不一樣，連花也是一團一團的！

阿農：沒錯！植物本來就不是每一株都長得一樣，有的葉子大一點，有的莖粗一點。人們如果每一代都把葉子特別大的留下來繼續種，經過很長的時間，這個特徵就會越來越明顯。來，試試滑動葉子旁的滑桿吧！

小學生：哇！這是芥蘭菜耶！原來芥蘭菜也是從野生甘藍慢慢變來的！

阿農：對啊！人類是利用植物本來的差異，把自己想要的部分留下來繼續種，經過一代一代選拔、育種，才讓餐桌上的蔬菜變得這麼多樣。再試試其他滑桿，看看野生甘藍的不同部位，最後會變成哪一種蔬菜吧！

A-Lông: Did you know that the cabbage, broccoli, and kale we usually eat actually all came from the same ancestor—wild cabbage?

Schoolchild: Really?! But they look completely different!

A-Lông: Here, take a look at this plant with yellow flowers on the board. Its leaves, stems, and flowers are all different sizes, see?

Schoolchild: They are! Some of the leaves are larger, some stems are thicker or thinner, and there are bundles of flowers!

A-Lông: That's right! Each plant looks different. Some have larger leaves; some have thicker stems. If people keep the plants of every generation with larger leaves and continue planting those, then after a long time, this characteristic becomes increasingly prominent. Here, try sliding the slider by the leaves!

Schoolchild: Woah! This is kale! So kale also came from wild cabbage!

A-Lông: Right! Humans used the inherent differences in plants, keeping the parts they wanted to continue planting. It took generation after generation of selection and breeding to put all the different vegetables on our tables. Try the other sliders and see what kinds of vegetables the different parts of wild cabbage turned into!

阿農：啊～以前的農夫，得天天下田看天氣、摸土壤、到處巡田；但現在，天氣越來越不穩定、越難預測，人力也越來越少，靠以前的經驗和傳統方法，實在忙不過來啊！

所以，這幾年農業也慢慢發展出新做法囉！現在的農場和牧場，會利用感測器收集環境的溫度、濕度、光照，還有牛、雞、豬等家畜的進食狀況與健康狀態，再把資料傳到系統裡進行分析，並根據結果自動判斷要開啟或關閉相關設備。例如，偵測到土壤太乾時，系統就會啟動灌溉；畜牧場太冷的時候關閉風扇；當牛隻活動量突然下降，也能提早發出提醒，協助農民及早檢查。就算人不在現場，還是能掌握整個農場的狀況。

這種透過「感測、分析、判斷，再做出反應」的管理方式，就是現在所說的——智慧農業4.0。這樣一來，不只能更早發現問題，像是用水、飼料的供應也能更精準，減少浪費，也少了來回巡場的辛苦。
現在，讓我們走進展區，看看智慧畜牧、智能雞舍，到智慧牧場，這些技術，是如何成為農夫最可靠的助手吧！

A-Lông: Ahh... In the past, farmers had to go out into the fields every day to keep an eye on the weather, feel the soil, and patrol the fields. Now, however, the weather is increasingly unstable and ever harder to predict, and there is less and less labor power. Relying on past experience and traditional methods would keep farmers busy forever!

That's why, in recent years, agriculture has slowly developed new methods! Today's farms and ranches use sensors to collect data on environmental temperature, humidity, and light, as well as the eating and health status of cows, chickens, and pigs. This data is then fed into a system to analyze, and it's automatically determined according to the results whether to activate or deactivate relevant equipment. For example, if it's detected that the soil is too dry, the system will activate irrigation; if the ranch is too cold, fans will be turned off; if the activity level of the cows suddenly decreases, it can give an early reminder to help farmers perform timely inspections. Even without any people present, it's possible to get a grasp of the state of the farm.

This management method of "sensing, analyzing, determining, and responding" is what is known today as "Smart Agriculture 4.0." It's now possible to discover problems early, and the supply of water and feed can be more accurate. This lowers costs and reduces the hassle of repeated patrolling.

Now, let us enter the exhibition area and check out how the technologies of smart livestock farming, smart chicken coops, and smart ranches have become farmers' most reliable helpers!

小學生：欸～我發現我把畫面往右滑的時候，畫面上有好多人在工作；可是往左滑，人好像越來越少了，右下角原本有人在處理雞蛋的地方，現在竟然只剩機器在動耶！

阿農：很棒的觀察喔！以前的牧場，很多事情都要靠人來做，像是餵食、打掃、巡視動物，每一樣都很花時間和人力。但現在，這些工作有一部分已經交給機器設備來完成了，像是自動餵食、環境清理等，甚至連動物的生活狀況，也能被系統記錄下來。

小學生：機器？要怎麼做事呀？

阿農：牧場裡會裝設感測器，可以記錄動物的活動量、進食情形，這些資料會自動傳到系統裡，就不需要等人定時去檢查動物的健康狀態。你看到乳牛頭上的Wi-Fi符號了嗎？

小學生：喔！所以這些數據是透過Wi-Fi即時傳回的對吧？

阿農：沒錯！系統還會分析這些資料，像是活動量變少、進食太少，就會提醒農夫檢查。這樣不只省人力，也能更早發現問題，讓飼養更穩定、更安全！

Schoolchild: Hey! I noticed that when you slide the screen to the right, you see many people on the screen working; but when you slide it to the left, there is barely anyone left. There was someone in the lower right corner taking care of eggs, but now there's only a machine working!

A-Lông: Excellent observation! In the past, many things on ranches required people, such as feeding, cleaning, and inspecting animals. Every single thing cost time and labor power. But now, part of this work has been handed over to machines to finish, like automatic feeding and cleaning the environment. Even the living conditions of animals can be recorded by a system.

Schoolchild: Machines? How do those work?

A-Lông: Sensors are installed on the ranch that can record an animal's activity level and eating condition. This data is automatically sent into the system, so there's no need to wait for someone to periodically check the animal's health. Do you see the Wi-Fi symbol on top of the cow's head?

Schoolchild: Oh! So this data is sent back through Wi-Fi, right?

A-Lông: That's right! The system analyzes this data, so if, for example, an animal doesn't get enough exercise or eats too little, it will remind the farmer to check. Not only does this save labor power, but it also makes it possible to discover problems early. This makes raising livestock steadier and safer!

小學生：哇～雞舍裡怎麼有這麼多機器啊？

阿農：這些機器是用來管理的，是一座有思考能力的「智慧雞舍」。

小學生：咦！智慧雞舍？是現在最厲害的「人工智慧」嗎？！

阿農：呵呵，沒錯哦，智慧雞舍主要使用「感測技術」和「控制系統」進行智慧管理。雞舍裡會持續監測環境狀態，像是溫度、室內二氧化碳濃度等數據。要是太熱、太悶，系統就會幫忙開風扇、加強通風，或啟動降溫設備，讓雞住得舒服一點。

小學生：那這些紅色底座的機器是什麼？

阿農：那是自動餵食設備，會把飼料分配到固定位置，讓每隻雞都能穩定的吃飼料。有些還會搭配秤重功能，如果雞隻吃得變少、體重下降，就能提早發現！

小學生：原來連健康都能掌握啊！

阿農：不只如此，雞蛋也會沿著設計好的路徑集中，再透過輸送設備送出。整個雞舍透過智慧系統幫忙，管理起來就更穩定。

現在請拿起手機，掃描「智慧製造體驗專區 智能雞舍」的QR code，模擬遠端操控雞舍。當系統偵測到突發狀況時，你會怎麼下指令來調整設備呢？快來試試看吧！

Schoolchild: Woah! How come there are so many machines inside the chicken coop?

A-Lông: These machines are used for management. This is a "smart chicken coop" that can think.

Schoolchild: What?! A smart chicken coop? Is that like that "artificial intelligence" everyone is talking about?!

A-Lông: Hehe, that's right. Smart chicken coops mainly use "sensor technology" and "control systems" for intelligent management. The chicken coop continuously monitors environmental data like the temperature and carbon dioxide concentration. If it's too hot or too stuffy, the system turns on fans to improve ventilation, or it activates cooling equipment. This makes the coop more comfortable for the chickens.

Schoolchild: So what are those machines with red bottoms?

A-Lông: Those are automatic feeders. They distribute the feed to fixed positions so every chicken can eat a steady meal. Some can even measure weight, so if a chicken eats less and loses weight, it can be discovered early!

Schoolchild: So they even take care of the chickens' health!

A-Lông: And that's not all. The eggs are also gathered along a predesigned path and sent off through transport equipment. With the help of intelligent systems, managing the entire chicken coop is much more stable.

Now, take out your phone and scan the "Smart Manufacturing - Smart Chicken Coop" QR code to simulate controlling a chicken coop through the cloud. When the system detects an emergency, what commands will you give to adjust the equipment? Go give it a try!

阿農：你有沒有想過，我們每天享用的雞蛋、豬肉、牛奶，背後其實藏著一座高科技牧場？來！拿起桌上的放大鏡，移到母雞前方的標示，感應看看！

看到螢幕上，一顆顆雞蛋排隊往前移動了嗎？機器會把雞蛋輕輕轉動，讓氣室在上方。接著經過清洗、烘乾，再用紫光檢查污點與裂紋，最後秤重分級，才能安心送上餐桌。接著，把放大鏡移到小豬前方，再感應一次。

豬舍裡有自動餵食、飲水設備，還有水簾和風扇，氣溫過高時會自動降溫通風。再加上灑水與除臭系統，維持環境整潔。農夫也能透過感測器與監控設備，遠端掌握豬的生活狀況。最後來看看乳牛吧！
牛耳上的「耳標」會記錄體溫與進食狀況，腳上的計步器則監測活動量。擠奶、冷卻到檢測，都能用自動化系統完成，確保每一滴牛奶都安全穩定。

這裡就是智慧牧場。科技不只讓工作更省力，也幫助農民更早發現問題，讓我們吃到的食物更安心。

A-Lông: Did you ever think that hidden behind all the eggs, pork, and milk we enjoy every day, there's actually a high-tech ranch? Come! Pick up the magnifier from the table and aim it at the pattern in front of the hen. Give it a try!

Look at the screen. Do you see the eggs lined up and moving forward? A machine softly turns the eggs so that the air cell is on top. The eggs are then washed and dried, after which violet light is used to inspect them for dirt and cracks. Finally, the eggs are weighed and classified. Only then can they safely make it to the dinner table. Next, move the magnifier in front of the pig and aim once more.

Inside the pig shed are automatic feeding and drinking machines, as well as water curtains and fans that lower the temperature and improve ventilation when the temperature gets too high. There's also a sprinkler and de-odor system that keeps the environment clean. Farmers can also use sensor and control equipment to get a grasp of the pigs' living conditions through the cloud. Finally, let's look at the cows!

The "ear tag" on the cow's ear records its temperature and eating condition, while the pedometer on its foot monitors its activity level. From milking and cooling to inspection, everything can be done by automated systems, ensuring every drop of milk is safe and stable.

This is the smart ranch. Technology isn't just a labor-saving solution, but it also helps farmers discover problems early so that we can eat food without having to worry.

小學生：咦～這張圖中間的圓圈裡有小豬、乳牛和小雞，旁邊圍著溫度計、水滴，還有像Wi-Fi的圖案，外面還有一圈箭頭把它們連在一起，他們之間是在做什麼秘密通訊嗎？

阿農：哈哈，這其實就是「物聯網 IoT」，也就是讓感測器們與網路相連，讓農場裡的狀況，可以被記錄、傳送，再做出反應。「物聯網」由三個層次組合而成。首先是「感知層」，也就是感測。農場裡會用設備量溫度、濕度，也會記錄動物的體重，還有牠們吃東西的情形。接著是「網路層」，這些資料會被自動地傳送出去。再來是「應用層」，系統會把資料放在一起分析，如果發現溫度太高或空氣變差，就會判斷可能影響動物的健康。這樣，就算人不在現場，也能知道農場裡現在的狀況

小學生：喔～原來是先記錄，再傳送，最後幫忙判斷！

阿農：沒錯！不過，如果發出警訊後沒有立即行動，農場可能就有危險了，因此還有更進一步的「微環境控制」。例如，當系統發現溫度太高，就會自動開風扇或調整通風，把環境拉回穩定，也能降低生病的風險。如果想更了解這些技術怎麼用在農場裡，就一起往展區裡面走吧！

小學生：gogogo！

Schoolchild: Huh? There are a little pig, cow, and chicken inside the circle in the middle of this image, surrounded by icons showing a thermometer, water drops, and Wi-Fi. Outside of that there are arrows connecting them together. What kind of secret information is being passed between them?

A-Lông: Haha, this is actually the "Internet of Things" or "IoT." This refers to connecting sensors to the internet so that the situation on the farm can be recorded, transmitted, and responded to. IoT consists of three layers. The first is the "sensing layer." The farm uses equipment to measure the temperature and humidity and record the weight of the animals, as well as their eating condition. Next is the "network layer," where this data is automatically transmitted. Finally, there's the "application layer." Here the system puts the data together to analyze. If it finds that the temperature is too high or the air quality is bad, it will determine that this might affect the animals' health. This way, even if there's no one present, it's still possible to know what's happening on the farm.

Schoolchild: Oh, I see. So there's recording first, then sending the data, and finally helping make a decision!

A-Lông: That's right! However, if a warning is sent but there's no immediate action taken, the farm might be in danger. That's why there's also "micro-environmental control." For example, when the system finds that the temperature is too high, it will automatically turn on the fans or adjust the ventilation to stabilize the environment. This also lowers the risk of disease. If you want to know more about how these technologies are used on the farm, let's walk around in the exhibition!

Schoolchild: Go go go!